Friday, March 25, 2022

EOTO 2: William Lloyd Garrison

     While preparing for EOTO 2 I wanted to capture a journalist who believed in making a change so strongly that they went to great lengths. It is important to me as a writer to spread the messages that are important to me. Typically when believing in something someone else may not believe in it as well. In order to make a change you must open the world to alternative ideas.

    William Lloyd Garrison did just that during his career in Journalism. When his reputation was on the line or he was getting too old to work and needed to turn to retirement he did not give up spreading his message and today he has an influence on journalists and the world around us.    Garrison had a successful career in journalism. In 128 he was an editor for both the National Philanthropist Newspaper in Boston and the Journal of the times in Bennington, Vermont. Both of these papers were dedicated to moral reform. In 1829 he edited the Genius of Universal Emancipation with Benjamin Lundy. And founded the Liberator in 1831 which became the most radical of the Anti-Slavery journals at the time. He made strides to enhance equality.

    William Lloyd Garrison was born on December 10, 1805 in Newburyport, Massachusetts. When Garrison was three-years-old his father, a merchant sailor, abandoned him and his siblings. His mother was a devoted Baptist and raised him in poverty. Due to his mother's religious beliefs, Garrison grew up surrounded by christianity and at age 8 he lived with a Baptist deacon. He worked as a shoemaker at the time however it was not his calling because of the physical labor involved. At 13 he was an apprentice for a printer and newspaper publisher and knew he had found his life's work.  At age 25 he then joined the abolitionist movement.


     Four years after the Liberators creation, Garrison renounced church and state to embrace the Doctrines of Christian "perfectionism". This combined abolition and women's rights through his writing. Between 1840 and the American Civil Was his strides against slavery increased. Garrison became so passionate about change that his influence in society went down. As less and less people stopped supporting him he only became more radical. 


    Because of his outlet of the Liberator Garrison was able to denounce The Compromise of 1850, the Kansas- Nebraska Act, and the Deed Scott Decision. He even supported Abraham Lincoln and welcomed the Emancipation Proclamation.

    Once Garrison retired he continued his work on equality and pressed for women's suffrage and free trade .


Russian author Leo Tolstoy was inspired by Garrison's writing along with Adin Ballou because of their focus on Christianity which aligned with Tolstroy's ideology. Tolstroy even went on to publish a short biography of Garrison in 1904. He even referenced Garrison within his own work.


Today, there is a memorial statue of Garrison in Boston. In 2005, Garrison's descendants gathered in Boston to honor his 200th birthday. Garrison continues to be a staple for journalists and making a change.

The Society of Professional Journalists

    While waiting to share my EOTO #1 I heard many different topics that peaked my interest and turned the wheels in my head. The Society of Professional Journalists was the topic that really opened my ears and made me think. It was interesting to hear about an organization that helps students be successful.

    The Society of Professional Journalists is an association dedicated to aiding the production of future journalists. They encourage free practice and stimulate the highest of standards of ethical behaviors through the First Amendment.

     In 1909, SPJ was founded and known as the fraternity, Sigma Delta Chi, at  DePauw University. At first there were six members honored for their contributions to journalism. After a few years the fraternity spread to over a dozen other campuses and became an influential voice in American journalism. 

    The name shifted to The Society of Professional Journalism in 1988 and began to promote the idea of well-informed citizens. With over 300 chapters across the United States, 6000 members stand proud of the organization. 

    SPJ focuses on the importance of their Code of Ethics. According to their website a journalist should "seek truth and report it", "minimize harm", "act independently", and "be accountable and transparent". Each category is followed by specific principles on how to act upon each. This is to encourage accuracy and produce well educated and correct writers.

SPJ is an organization that I am interested in joining. It is a way to elevate any journalist to the next level and give insight into the dos and don'ts of the industry. It also prepares writers to make compelling stories and educates about the First Amendment.

Saturday, March 5, 2022

EOTO 1: History of the Reuters News Wire Service in England

The creator of the international news agency "Reuters" was a man named Julius Reuter. The company began in 1851 and started as a transmission of stock market quotes between London and Paris. With only one other employee at the time it evolved and became one of the world's largest international multimedia news agencies.

    Julius Reuter initially expanded his business by adopting the use of telegraphs and undersea cables in order to increase the spread of stories to a broader range. As the company grew more, there was a shift in content and Reuters became an outlet for general and economic news reaching worldwide. 

        By 1883 Reuters began transmitting messages in an electronic fashion to London newspapers. In 1914 the company hit a rough patch due to many people thinking that enemy citizens were shareholders of Reuters. Although this was later proven wrong, Reuters took a hit to their reputation as well as financially. Once the issues were resolved they bounced back into a new plan.

    The plan for Reuters was to remain innovative and continue to find the most effective and current ways for spreading news. The spike in public interest is mainly due to their series of major scoops. Reuters was the first news outlet to cover the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. They also did an article on The Titanic hitting the Iceberg. Following the trend of innovation, In 1923, Reuters was one of the first to utilize the use of radio to transmit news internationally.

By the 1980s Reuters became one of the greatest and largest private communications in public in the world. The Reuters Foundation was then adopted and helped with new technology and the developing innovations. It also allowed the company to reach an obligation in which they adopted a policy of constructive charity.

    Today, Reuters reaches more than 1 billion people worldwide with their use of different platforms. The company has over 2,600 working journalists and hold more than 200 locations around the world. Reports are available in 16 different languages.